Flower Poetry Fridays: Planting Flowers On The Grave Of Parents

Welcome back to Flower Poetry Fridays with Mrs. Sigourney. Each Friday a new poem will be posted from her The Voice Of Flowers.

PLANTING FLOWERS ON THE
GRAVE OF PARENTS.

I’VE set the flow’rets where ye sleep,
Father and mother dear ;
Their roots are in the mould so deep,
Their bosoms hide a tear ;
The chrystal of the dewy morn
Their trembling casket fills,
Mixed with that tear-drop from the heart,
Which filial love distils.

Above thy pillow, mother dear,
I’ve placed thy favorite flower—
The bright-eyed purple violet,
That deck’d thy summer bower;
The fragrant chamomile, that spreads
Its leaflets fresh and green,
And richly broiders every niche
The velvet turf between.

I kissed the tender violet,
That droop’d its stranger head,
And called it blessed, thus to grow
So near my precious dead,
And when my venturous path shall lead
Across the deep blue sea,
I bade it in its beauty rise
And guard that spot for me.

There was no other child, my dead !
This sacred task to share ;
Mother ! no nursling babe beside,
E’er claim’d thy tenderest care.
And father ! that endearing name,
No other lips than mine
E’er breathed to prompt thy hallow’d prayer
At morn or eve’s decline.

Pluck not those flowers, thou idle child,
Pluck not the flowers that wave
In sweet and simple sanctity
Around this humble grave,
Lest guardian angels from the skies,
That watch amid the gloom,
Should dart reproachful ire on those
Who desecrate the tomb.

Oh, kindly spare my plants to tear,
Ye groups that wander nigh,
When summer sunsets fire with gold
The glorious western sky :
So when you slumber in the dust,
Where now your footsteps tread,
May griev’d affection train the rose
Above your lowly bed.

Planting flowers on a loved one’s grave is a sad event. It is done here with the thoughts of an only child.

As the only child she pleads for other children not to pick the flowers for they were planted with a higher purpose.

The planted flowers act like guardian angels from above in the hope of resurrection and in a show of deep affection.

Come back next Friday for the next installment in our series of flower poems from Mrs. Sigourney’s The Voice of Flowers, “Alpine Flowers”.

Smooth Sumac Starting to Turn Red

Smooth Sumac Looks A Lot Like Staghorn Sumac

One day I was driving about the countryside taking notice to sumac trees. The Staghorn Sumac has an interesting way that the branches grow up and out and I was curious if that characteristic was seen in other sumacs.

Smooth Sumac At the Roadside
Smooth Sumac At the Roadside

Indeed, it would be nice to find one of the other species of sumac I’ve read about in tree books, like Peterson’s Guide to Trees and Shrubs. In Northeastern U.S. we have four species of sumac.

Anyway, this one grouping of sumac seemed smaller than the staghorns we’d been seeing, so I pulled off the road to take a closer look.

Compound Leaves and Red Berries of Smooth Sumac
Compound Leaves and Red Berries of Smooth Sumac

The long, feather-like, compound leaves and the upright bunches of red berries at the end of branches identified the plant as a kind of sumac, other than Poison Sumac.

Distinguishing features of Smooth Sumac, Rhus glabra:

  • leaflets toothed
  • red berries in spreading cluster
  • twigs smooth, almost hairless
Smooth Sumac Berries
Smooth Sumac Berries

In comparison with Staghorn Sumac, R. typhina, the individual red berries of smooth sumac appear more like distinct individual berries without so many hairs.

It may be difficult to see the difference unless berries of both species are available, but clusters of staghorn berries appear to be more densely packed into a cone shape.

Loose Cluster of Smooth Sumac Berries and Huge Compound Leaf
Loose Cluster of Smooth Sumac Berries and Huge Compound Leaf

Since the hairs on the outside of the berry provide the malic acid and tartness, the smooth sumac berries are often called “less tart” than their staghorn cousins. So, if you’re going to collect sumac berries try to get staghorn berries as they will provide more of that lemony taste.

Sumacs are some of the deciduous trees that give early indication that autumn is approaching. Their leaves are already turning red as of early August.

Flower Poetry Fridays: The Lily’s Whisper

Welcome back to Flower Poetry Fridays with Mrs. Sigourney. Each Friday a new poem will be posted from her The Voice Of Flowers.

THE LILY’S WHISPER.

Orange Day Lily Tigerlily
Orange Day Lily Tigerlily

" Bow down thy head, thou born of clay,—
Bow down thy head to me,"
A drooping Lily seemed to say,
As sank the footsteps of the day,
Upon the grassy lea.

Its dewy lips to mine I prest,
And drank its stifled sigh,
A tear-drop lay within its breast,—
" Hast thou a woe to be confess’d,
Thou favorite of the sky ?"

" Two buds beside my heart awoke,
More pure than opening day,—
But lo ! a hand with sudden stroke
From my embrace those idols broke,
And bore them hence away."

Still deeper seem’d the Lily’s tone
My listening ear to greet :
" Think not for sympathy alone
That thus to thee I make my moan,
Though sympathy is sweet ;

" No. Be my wound thy lesson made,
We love your nobler race,
Whose lot it is like ours to fade,
Like ours, to see in darkness laid
Your blossom’s wither’d grace.

" So, let the Will Supreme be blest,
And still with spirit meek,
Shut rebel tear-drops in your breast,
And wear, as badge of Heaven’s sweet rest
Its smile upon your cheek."

“Heaven’s sweet rest” sounds pretty good on some days in this weary, wicked world.

Come back next Friday for the next installment in our series of flower poems from Mrs. Sigourney’s The Voice of Flowers, “Planting Flowers On The Grave Of Parents”.

What to Do With Red Edible Sumac Berries

Oh, how can we use those collected sumac berries?

You can make a cold drink similar to lemonade and hot drinks like tea.

The berries can be dried and hung in the pantry for future use or ground up and put in a shaker jar for use as flavoring agent in any number of dishes where you normally use lemons or a spice like Lemon Pepper.

Videos Show How People Consume Sumac

..for cold and hot drinks

..for the wood used for making flutes and berries for “lemonade”

..for cracker bread and hot drink

..for lemon flavoring via blender and shaker (@ 8:20)

If you’re into the lemon pepper thing, try collecting some Field Pennycress or Peppergrass to add the peppery notes.

Tree of Heaven Grows Fast to Give Shade

The Tree of Heaven that grows here on Earth has a descriptive, but curious name. It’s a small to medium tree that grows so fast it can add on more than 9 feet in height in one season!

Although planted in America purposely long ago, this tree may be considered a nuisance due to its fast growth habit.

The Tree of Heaven, Ailanthus altissima, originated in Asia. It was brought from China to England in the mid-1700s and then introduced to North America in 1874 as an urban ornamental, according to my favorite tree book: Grolier’s Field Guide to North American Trees.

Just being listed in that book, which gives the natural history of 100 introduced species as well as all the native North American trees, shows the tree to have established itself in the U.S.A. long ago.

You can find it across much of the country in cities and in rural areas.

Tree of Heaven was introduced as an urban ornamental because it’s a really hardy species. It can grow in poor soils, in dry conditions and in smoggy cities.

It was often planted in cities to quickly provide green areas and the benefits of shade and air purification.

In our rural landscape in Central Pennsylvania Tree of Heaven can be found growing at the edge of fields, along roads and in fallow fields.

Staghorn Sumac Growing to the Left of Tree of Heaven
Staghorn Sumac Growing to the Left of Tree of Heaven

It was discovered here growing right next to Staghorn Sumac along the lane down to the highway.

(Click on any image to see a larger view.
Photos taken 29 July 2015.)

How to Know Tree of Heaven

Compound Leaves and Winged Fruit of Tree of Heaven
Compound Leaves and Winged Fruit of Tree of Heaven

Tree of Heaven Identifying Characteristics

  • huge, feather-like, pinnately compound leaves
  • lance-shaped leaflets with basal teeth
  • leaflets with short stems
  • twig bark smooth
  • yellow-green winged seeds dangle in clusters
Tree of Heaven Leaf Rubbing
Tree of Heaven Leaf Rubbing

Nature rubbings show the leaf shape and basal teeth on the lower leaf edge.

Small branches are smooth and distinctly different from the velvety twigs of Staghorn Sumac.

Smooth Twigs of Tree of Heaven
Smooth Twigs of Tree of Heaven

Yellow-green winged seeds dangle from the branch tips. Wings will help to scatter the seeds on the wind, but some of them will remain on the trees all winter.

Seed Pods or Fruit Clusters of Tree of Heaven
Seed Pods or Fruit Clusters of Tree of Heaven

Flower Poetry Fridays: The Stranger’s Flower

Welcome back to Flower Poetry Fridays with Mrs. Sigourney. Each Friday a new poem will be posted from her The Voice Of Flowers.

THE STRANGER’S FLOWER.

In some of the South American republics, it was customary for ladies to present a flower to every stranger whom they received as a guest.

STRANGER ! new flowers in these vales are
seen,
With a dazzling eye, and a fadeless green,
They scent the breath of the dewy morn,
They feed no worm, and they hide no thorn,
But revel and glow in our balmy air ;
They are flowers that freedom hath planted
there.

This bud of welcome to thee we give ;
Bid its glowing blush in thy bosom live ;
It shall charm thee from all a stranger’s pain,
Reserve, suspicion, and dark disdain ;
A race in its freshness and bloom are we,
Bring no cares from a worn out world with
thee.

‘Tis a little time since the lance and spear,
And the clamor of war and death were here ;
Our siesta the shout of the murderer broke,
And we struggled to rend a tyrant’s yoke,
Till our midnight slumbers were pale with
fears,
And the fairest cheeks bore a mourner’s tears.

But now on the couch of its mother’s breast,
The infant sleeps long in its dream of rest,
And the lover beneath the evening star,
Woos the young maid with his light guitar ;
These are the blessings that wait the free,
And stranger ! this flower is our gift to thee.

Giving a flower to each stranger who visits your home is a lovely tradition.

It’s like the woman of the house was inviting the stranger in to enjoy their company and at the same time she encouraged them to leave their worries and cares of the world on the doorstep.

The lovely flower would help to break the ice so the stranger would feel relaxed while calling on the host. How welcoming is that?

Come back next Friday for the next installment in our series of flower poems from Mrs. Sigourney’s The Voice of Flowers, “The Lily’s Whisper”.

How to Know Sumac Leaves

How to Tell the Difference Between Sumac and Tree of Heaven

Sumac is a plant that we want to encourage growing on the lane down to the highway. In this one location a similar-looking tree also grows, called Tree of Heaven, which serves no utilitarian purpose.

Staghorn Sumac Growing to the Left of Tree of Heaven
Staghorn Sumac Growing to the Left of Tree of Heaven

We can see the plants growing throughout the year and then have an easy time telling which trunk belongs to the trees we want to keep and which we want to cut.

Once decisions are made the trees to be cut down are marked with pink spray paint.

Tree of Heaven grows very fast and will quickly overshadow other plants growing there. Since we’d like to encourage sumac to grow much of the Tree of Heaven will be cut down.

But, if the plants are young and there is no fruit present, how to tell the difference? At first glance the huge leaves look the same, so we have to look a little closer.

Staghorn Sumac, Rhus typhina

Giant Compound Leaves and Red Fruit Clusters of Staghorn Sumac
Giant Compound Leaves and Red Fruit Clusters of Staghorn Sumac
  • pinnately compound leaves
  • lance-shaped leaflets strongly toothed
  • leaflets without stems, sessile
  • velvet-like twig bark with long hairs
  • small round fruits in upright cone-shaped cluster at the ends of branches
  • individual fruits fuzzy or hairy and red when mature

(Click on any image to see a larger view.)

Tree of Heaven, Ailanthus altissima

Compound Leaves and Winged Fruit of Tree of Heaven
Compound Leaves and Winged Fruit of Tree of Heaven
  • pinnately compound leaves
  • lance-shaped leaflets with basal teeth
  • leaflets with short stems
  • twig bark smooth
  • yellow-green winged seeds dangle in clusters

Study Leaves By Rubbing Them

When learning about new plants it’s helpful to study their leaves up close by rubbing them. You know, as a kid we all did this with the leaves we collected in the fall.

Put a leaf between two sheets of paper and rub the top piece of paper with a pencil, charcoal or crayon. This rubbing action transfers the three-dimensional design of the leaf to the paper.

Making a rubbing of plant leaves reveals the veins, leaf edges and overall shape in a way that’s more memorable than when looking up at the leaves while they’re still hanging on the plant.

Sumac and Tree of Heaven Leaf Rubbings
Sumac and Tree of Heaven Leaf Rubbings

In this case the different leaflet shapes of Staghorn Sumac and Tree of Heaven were uncovered and highlighted in a fun way.

Staghorn Sumac has strongly toothed leaflet edges and leaflets with no stems.

Tree of Heaven has slightly wavy leaflet edges and a couple of strong teeth near the base of the leaflets, which do have small stems.

Reading about how a leaf should look a certain way doesn’t give your brain the same strong image as touching and feeling the leaf itself. Making a leaf rubbing involves us in a tactile or sensory way and that probably ingrains the leaf image better in one’s mind.

Do some leaf rubbings with children for a great outdoor activity. Or have a scavenger hunt for leaves and bring them inside on a hot day. The kids don’t have to know you’re studying the leaf shapes, but after all they might learn something, too.

Collecting Lemony Red Sumac Berries

Lemons, too bad they’re tropical. It would be great to have a lemon tree in the backyard, but you’d have to live in Florida or similar climes for that.

Wouldn’t it be great to find a local alternative for a lemony taste? That way we could always have some “lemon” on hand.

It turns out that the berries of the sumac shrub can be used to add a sour note to our favorite foods.

Staghorn Sumac Growing At the Roadside
Staghorn Sumac Growing At the Roadside (On Left)

Sumac would be considered a shrub or understory tree. It needs to grow with lots of sunlight so you’ll find in sunny locations like at the edge of roads or fields.

In Eastern USA there are several different species of sumac. One that we have in abundance here in Central PA is Staghorn Sumac, Rhus typhina.

Staghorn Sumac Growing In A Sunny Spot
Staghorn Sumac Growing In A Sunny Spot

Staghorn Sumac is the most common sumac that grows in Northeastern USA. The fruits of this deciduous shrub are cone-shaped clusters of fuzzy red berries.

The “staghorn” name comes from the velvet-like surface of branches, a helpful identifying characteristic.

Velvet Twigs of Staghorn Sumac
Velvet Twigs of Staghorn Sumac

Red Sumac Berry Clusters At Branch Tips
Red Sumac Berry Clusters At Branch Tips

The fruit cluster at end of branch is held above giant compound leaves that can stretch out to two feet long.

The berries are edible and used as a spice or flavoring agent.

Once you mention sumac though, some folks think poison right away. That’s because there is a totally separate plant called Poison Sumac.

Obviously, we don’t want to eat that one, but its berries are white and not likely to get mixed up with the edible red sumac berries.

Also, Poison Sumac grows in swampy areas, not in the upland and agricultural areas where you’ll find Staghorn Sumac.

Identifying characteristics for Staghorn Sumac:

  • pinnately compound leaves
  • lance-shaped leaflets strongly toothed
  • leaflets without stems, sessile
  • twig bark with velvet-like surface of long hairs
  • small round fruits held in upright cone-shaped cluster at the ends of branches
  • individual fruits fuzzy or hairy and red when mature

Giant Compound Leaves and Red Fruit Clusters of Staghorn Sumac
Giant Compound Leaves and Red Fruit Clusters of Staghorn Sumac

If the plant you’ve found has all of those characters, you’re good to go. Check the photos and a field book, like Newcomb’s Wildflower Book, if you’re still not sure.

Use a sharp knife to remove the cluster of berries from the branch or grasp firmly and break off the cluster with your hand.

Put the fruit clusters into a paper sack so that any of the little fruits that get knocked off aren’t lost.

Go collecting on a day in July or August when it hasn’t rained for at least three days. You want the little fruits to be dry.

Rain washes off or dilutes the lemony taste.

To find sumac look at the edges of fields, along roads and right-of-ways, and in other areas where the ground has been disturbed.

Sumac likes to grow at the edges of forests and fields. When the foliage is starting to turn colors in autumn the sumac shrubs will be easy to find as their leaves turn a bright, bright red.

Staghorn Sumac Red Fruit Clusters
Staghorn Sumac Red Fruit Clusters

Autumn is too late for collecting these berries, but you can locate the plants then for collection in future years.