Nuttin’ Bloomin’ Outdoors Just Yet!

The Vernal Equinox is less than a week away and, right on cue, Spring is starting to take hold here in the eastern U.S.

The past week witnessed birds returning from their winter havens. Robins were seen hoping around the field edges, while red-winged blackbirds were heard singing from utility poles. Flocks of Canada geese communicated noisely as they flew North in fantastic “V” formations.

Crocuses were blooming in Virginia a couple weeks ago, and here in southcentral Pennsylvania I spotted my first golden yellow crocuses coming up in the Millerstown town square – crossroads, really – just yesterday.

We’ll likely have more winter weather yet, but the last two days have been gloriously warm for the season. Warmer than average by 15 to 20 degrees! Snowbanks are history now and the brown grass is starting to green up.

No trees are budding or sprouting yet, but some weedy types that have foliage left over from last growing season are making an attempt. Pennsylvania bittergrass and purple dead nettle volunteered in the vegetable garden. Day lilies next to the house are sprouting and lamb’s ear rosettes are green in the flower garden.

We have to look indoors to find something blooming. What’s blooming now, you ask? A member of the Spiderwort family, the Wandering Jew!

Easy to care for and resilient, the Wandering Jew is a popular houseplant.
Easy to care for and resilient, the Wandering Jew is a popular houseplant.

The wandering jew has linear-veined, oval-shaped, pointed leaves with a distinctive purple underside. The stalkless leaves clasp the creeping stem in alternate fashion. The creeping stems and flower stalks are purple.

White, three-petaled flowers at the terminal stem ends are 1/4 inch in diameter with stamens having bright yellow anthers.

Nearly every stem will produce a cluster of small, white flowers.
Nearly every stem will produce a cluster of small, white flowers.

This plant has been flowering since February 24 – going on three weeks. A single bud rises up from a loose cluster to open its bloom in the sunlight. Blooms last for one day, only to be replaced by another waiting in the cluster. Drooping buds are actually blooms that have wilted.

Wandering Jew in a south-facing window blooms indoors.
Wandering Jew in a south-facing window blooms indoors.

Last year we had some other houseplants bloom in March, too. It’s interesting that one of the profuse bloomers was “Moses-in-the-boat”, another member of the spiderwort family.

Fresh Winter Chives Snaz Up a Hearty Meal

Wintertime is the time of soups and homemade breads. Lots of baking is done here when it’s too cold outside for much activity. Really makes you feel good to see the smiles that homebaked goods can bring — unless too many calories are slipping down the hatch.

Let’s just say that we’re looking forward to the activity that Spring will bring! It’s only six weeks away on the calendar, but greenery will be starting to show before Winter has completely left us.

Before the big snow storm is to hit we’ve got firewood and kindling, food and water for several days on hand. Haven’t had much in the way of winter weather yet this season, so maybe we are due.

For something unusual in the dead of February, I picked a handful of chives on my way to the mailbox. Snow is nowhere in sight – just on the weatherman’s forecast. Tonight, I’ll have some wild, fresh herbs to flavor the dinner meal.

Back in the kitchen I snipped the long ends of the green chives and gave them a rinse. The clean chives were set aside until the cooking was done. Just before serving dinner I used scissors to snip very short pieces of chives on top of the mashed potatoes.

A few twigs of oregano from last growing season were tied together and now hangs in a corner of the kitchen. Holding a plate under the dried herb, I crushed a couple sprigs with my fingers and let the plate catch the falling pieces of now aromatic oregano. Mint, basil and rosemary are hanging in the same fashion.

Olive oil was drizzled over the chicken breasts, with a pinch of salt and pepper and a couple pinches of the crushed oregano on top. Chicken was baked in a covered casserole dish until done. The meal was rounded out with whole baby green beans and applesauce. Dinner smelled and tasted terrific!

Chives is our only herb harvested fresh outside during winter.

Chives is our only herb harvested fresh outside during winter.

We have chives growing wild here all the time. It may be one of the few plants that is hardy enough to keep going during the cold of winter. Certainly, in the northeast or mid-atlantic states chives is one hardy herb.

Chives grow close to the ground and may be shielded by the fallen oak leaves all around them in our woods. In the fields grazed by cows you can see clumps of chives that the cows have not consumed. Perhaps they don’t like the taste, or would simply rather eat the grass.

In any case chives have a delicate flavor that is destroyed on heating. Make sure to add chives to your potatoes, noodles, or any dish just before serving. Any dish with sour cream is begging for a little chives! Try some chives tonight!

Blooming Calendar in the Making

Considering features of my blooming calendar…what should go in the database?

Besides the obvious names and taxonomy of the individual plants, each will need to described with respect to their growing habits.

Does the plant sprout up, grow its greenery and then produce a flower in the usual sequence? Some plants show their flowers first and then put on the leaves. Coltsfoot comes to mind.

What time of year is the best for viewing the blooms of the plant? What color range do the blooms have and where can we see them?

These are some of the questions that I envision my blooming calendar will help answer. Stay tuned for more updates.

Anything blooming around you right now? Drop me a line and let me know!

Wild Turkeys and Christmas Cactus

About 7 a.m. this morning before the sun poked above the clouds on the horizon, I saw a flock of turkeys in the field next to our house. I know…not really wild herb material, but hey, what’s blooming now besides the Christmas cactus indoors?

I had gone out to the porch to see if I could see any deer in the field as the light was still pretty dim. A light fog made the trees and everything else take on shades of grey.

Wild turkeys in the early morning light.

Wild turkeys in the early morning light.

The first day of hunting season — shotgun for whitetail deer in Pennsylvania — was yesterday. We heard the booming around us from all directions. Didn’t hear on the news how many does or bucks were taken, but by the sound of it I would say there are quite a few less roaming the hillsides. While raking leaves yesterday I played it safe and wore an orange vest.

This morning’s flock was about half the size of what I had witnessed last evening from about 4 p.m. to sunset an hour later.

Corn was harvested some weeks ago from the field that is now green with grass. Spotting wild turkeys there is rather easy as their bronze and black feathers stand out against the green of the grass and besides, they are really huge birds!

The slope of the field rises up to a high spot in the middle. We have a great view from the second floor bathroom windows and also the attic window on the east side of the house.

There are many trees between the house and the field that interfered with counting the birds. At first I only saw 12 or 15 turkeys. I recounted…18, 23, 17…but wait — as I continued to watch and count another group of birds walked toward me as they crested the center of the field…25, 33, 40 turkeys in all!

The field is probably 4-5 acres in size and is surrounded by oak trees on all sides. The turkeys have a short distance to run or fly into the tree cover if something startles them. I’m sure they eat plenty of acorns as well.

As I watched this grouping of Wild Turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, in the evening I was surprised by their degree of social behavior. They walked along and sometimes scurried to find an unoccupied spot as they grazed the grass for insects or seeds and any bits of leftover grain. As they fed they constantly peeped to one another and there was a great deal of this talking back and forth.

When too many birds were concentrated together a squabble would erupt with wings flapping and much squawking. Two young birds would face off, flap their wings, jump in the air and throw their feet out at each other. The other turkeys stood there and voiced their opinions as if they were rooting on their favorite boxer to win the match. This foot-fighting would only go for one or two rounds and then everyone went back to grazing in their own direction.

The young birds were easily spotted as they were skinny in comparison to others in the flock and their feathers were a lighter color, more of a sandy brown than the black, iridescent color of the older birds.

The male gobblers were most impressive. I saw 2 very large males, perhaps there are two flocks that share this field, each one led by the largest male. I didn’t see the males display in the evening, but this morning one fanned out his tail and puffed up his body to full size. Was he the grand-daddy of them all? A few gobbles let all the hens and jakes know that he was in charge of his flock.

We celebrated Thanksgiving on Thursday and since turkey is traditionally at the center of the feast I thought it only fitting to let everyone know that the wild turkey is alive and doing quite well in the eastern United States.

Oh, and that Christmas cactus? It’s blooming in all its glory!

Christmas cactus blooms pink and white.
Christmas cactus blooms pink and white.

Autumn Violet and Holly Berries

Leaves are falling all around us. Almost time to get the gutters cleaned out!

Fall colors weren’t as brilliant this year. Some say it has to do with the amount of moisture. I don’t know, but I still enjoyed seeing the change from green to yellow, orange and red in the forest canopy.

Near the edge of the woods a maple tree bares its trues colors.

Near the edge of the woods a maple tree bares its trues colors.

We have had a good deal of moisture lately here in Central Pennsylvania. Maybe that spurred a violet into thinking it was time to show her blossom. I was surprised when I saw the purple flower, but it did remind me that several factors govern the timing of plant growth — namely, the recent temperatures of the microclimate, the amount of daylight received by the plant, and moisture levels.

Evidently, some factors are more important than others for certain members of the Kingdom Plantae.

A violet dares to be different and is found blooming in autumn.

A violet dares to be different and is found blooming in autumn.

Of course not much else is blooming right now. The only bright colors we’ll likely see for another month are the berries. Bright red partridgeberries can be found along the paths in the woods where leaves haven’t completely covered them over. Red berries on the holly trees planted near the woods edge foretell the holiday season that will soon be upon us.

Red holly berries remind me of the coming winter holiday season.

Red holly berries remind me of the coming winter holiday season.

Until the harsh winter winds blow the white stuff around, a pile of leaves will help protect a few of the culinary herbs near the house. We should be able to gather a few sprigs of oregano, mints, lavender and catnip for a while longer.

Red Berries of the Smooth Sumac

Trees are changing colors. Maple leaves lighten their green and give way to yellows, oranges and bright reds that are some of the most vibrant colors of autumn. The yellows of the birches and ashes are followed by the oaks with their brown leaves that finish off the season.

The sun is low in the sky and shadows are getting longer now. In the summertime the sun seems to jump up into the sky, and now it just takes its time and struggles to reach the peak of the summer sun. Try taking photos of sun streaks through the tree leaves to see some interesting patterns.

Sun shining low in the sky produces a starburst effect when viewed through the trees.

Sun shining low in the sky produces a starburst effect when viewed through the trees.

Smooth Sumac, Rhus glabra, are small trees found at the edge of the corn field and along the lane. This time of year the berries are bright red and so are the compound leaves. Sumac berries are a good food source for many types of songbirds as well as the pheasant, turkey and grouse.

Red berries hide among the bright red leaves of the sumac.

Red berries hide among the bright red leaves of the sumac tree.

Native Americans used sumac wood to make long peace pipes. The pith of a section of sumac wood can be picked, pushed or burned out to produce a hole than runs the length of the branch. The bowl and mouthpieces were inserted into the openings of the pipe and typically were removable for transport so as to protect each piece. Decorative carvings or paintings adorned the pipes.

Red sumac berries have been used to make a lemonade-like drink for many years. All you do is collect the group of berries and soak in cold water for about 15 minutes. Strain the pink liquid through cheesecloth, sweeten and chill.

You can use either staghorn sumac or smooth sumac berries as there are only slight morphological differences between these two Rhus species that sometimes hybridize.

Don’t worry, the red-berried sumacs are not like poison sumac, which has ivory-white berries that dangle downward and grows in swamp-like areas. Don’t touch any part of the poison sumac plant as it causes severe dermatitis – even worse than poison ivy!

Variety, the Spice of an Amish Farmer’s Market and Bakery

We’re in Amish country today. Just look around and you’ll see horses pulling buggies or carts. Youngins – always wearing hats – go most places on bicycles or on foot.

Farmers’ markets and their womens’ bakeries have something for everyone. What a delight!

It’s always fun to go to the local market when you’re traveling about. Here’s a great Amish market a few miles south of Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. There are a couple places along this stretch of Routes 11/15 where you can purchase Amish-made quilts — just look for the quilts blowing in the breeze!

After viewing and purchasing some of the apples, pumpkins and other home-grown vegetables, we move on to the Bakery.

Guess where she's headed! Shoe-fly pie, anyone?

Guess where she’s headed! Shoe-fly pie, anyone?

And who wouldn’t be delighted working across the highway from such a beautiful river front view?

The Susquehanna River as viewed from across Routes 11/15 at Weaver's Farm Market.

The Susquehanna River as viewed from across Routes 11/15 at Weaver’s Farm Market.

If variety is the spice of life, then it would be good to be a gourd! Check out the different colors and textures of these gourds.

Can't imagine using that old wheelbarrow for anything but a display!

Can’t imagine using that old wheelbarrow for anything but a display!

This Indian Corn tells the season, doesn’t it? The variety of colors makes it a great addition to seasonal decorations.

Indian corn hanging at the farmer's market.

Indian corn hanging at the farmer’s market.

Talk about variety — Chrysanthemums are now available in so many colors. It would be a shame to not have at least one or two for a splash of fall color outside your doorstep. Look how many blossoms are on this mum — you can’t see any green!

Chrysanthemums are available in many autumn colors. This one has a multitude of blossoms.

Chrysanthemums are available in many autumn colors. This one has a multitude of blossoms.

In Zone 5 it’s a coin toss as to whether they will overwinter, but try planting a few mums anyway. They make for nice cut flowers that are fairly long lasting.

Autumn Colors in Sassafras, Goldenrod and Asters

Sassafras is a favorite woodland herb. It is really a tree, but the roots can be used liked an herb. Sassafras grows quickly at the edge of the oak forest and requires cutting back every so often.

Each time that I cut sassafras I try to bring up some of the root to save for tea. Smelling the roots as you’re digging them up justifies the effort. A pleasing scent, I’ll say.
The roots are shaken of dirt and rinsed with water to gently clean. Roots are placed in a saucer or bowl in a cupboard and left there to cure.

When I feel like a cup of sassafras tea I have only to open the cupboard to retrieve a few roots, put them in near boiling water for a couple minutes, and pour the tea. The aroma totally gets me. You should try it!

In the fall the small sassafras trees seem like they dry up from the bottom with their lowest leaves turning a orange-yellow first, followed by leaves higher up. Eventually all the leaves turn a nice yellow-orange before dropping off.

Sassafras leaves turning colors from the bottom up.

Sassafras leaves turning colors from the bottom up.

Autumn colors start arriving in fallow fields in late summer. Land that has been allowed to sit undisturbed for several years will witness waves of color as the seasons progress, and some of the most noticeable colors come in the fall.

For most of September and into the beginning of October goldenrods dominate the landscape with hues of yellow. Purple asters complement the soft yellows and draw your eye’s attention.

Pretty colors in the fields are vibrant for a couple weeks as if heralding that the tree leaves will soon start changing their colors, too.

Yellow goldenrods and purple asters in a field.
Yellow goldenrods and purple asters in a field.